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Allegory of the tyranny of the Duke of Alva in the Netherlands, first half of the 17thC, oil on oak

This unmistakable political indictment tells an important passage from the Dutch Revolt (Eighty Years' War) against the Spanish occupier. In 1566, William of Orange started a revolt against the Spanish King Philip II because he disagreed with his policies on heretic persecution, privileges and taxes. This broadside pamphlet criticising the cruelty of the Duke of Alva during his command in the Spanish Netherlands was a popular theme in the Netherlands and was spread through the print by Willem Jacobsz. Delff dated 1622.
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The Duke of Alva is sitting on his throne, behind him the devil holding the tiara and imperial crown, encouraged in his reign of terror by members of the Council of Troubles and Cardinal Granvelle, holding a bellows. In the middle, the Seventeen Provinces, represented by virgins, kneel while being chained in captivity. To the right, members of the States General of the Netherlands are standing dumbfounded. In the background, through the window, the decapitation of the Counts Egmont and Horn in May 1568 in Brussels is shown, as well as the Duchess of Parma fishing for wealth in a blood pond. In the background, bodies are being burnt and hung from gallows. The legend at the bottom right corner lists the protagonists in Dutch.


Provenance: private collection in Bruges.
102 x 162 cm. (40.1 x 63.7 in.), Frame: 115 x 175 cm. (45.2 x 68.9 in.)

  • Condition: - Professionally restored and retouched.
    - The original paint layer was excessively cleaned, causing quite some paint loss. Therefore large parts of the work are 'tratteggio' retouched.
    - The panel joints are reinforced with clamps to the back; these areas are overpainted to the front.
    - The complete restoration report (in Dutch) is available on request.

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February 13, 2024 10:00 AM CET
Bruges, Belgium

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